Career Exploration

Medical Career Pathways

Explore diverse medical specialties and healthcare career paths. Discover residency requirements, salary expectations, and find the right specialty that aligns with your interests and goals.

Medical Career Journey

Understanding the pathway from medical school to independent practice.

1

Medical School

4 years

Foundation in medical sciences and clinical skills

USMLE Step 1 & 2Clinical rotationsSpecialty exploration
2

Residency

3-7 years

Specialized training in chosen field

USMLE Step 3Board certificationClinical competency
3

Fellowship (Optional)

1-3 years

Subspecialty training and expertise

Subspecialty certificationResearch experienceAdvanced skills
4

Practice

Career-long

Independent practice and patient care

Board recertificationContinuing educationCareer advancement

Primary Care Specialties

Foundation specialties focused on comprehensive patient care and prevention.

Family Medicine

Comprehensive care for patients of all ages and families

Residency:

3 years

Avg. Salary:

$235,000

Work Setting:

Private practice, clinics, hospitals

Key Skills:
Preventive careChronic disease managementPatient relationships
Internal Medicine

Diagnosis and treatment of adult diseases and conditions

Residency:

3 years

Avg. Salary:

$250,000

Work Setting:

Hospitals, clinics, academic centers

Key Skills:
Complex diagnosisHospital medicineSubspecialty knowledge
Pediatrics

Medical care for infants, children, and adolescents

Residency:

3 years

Avg. Salary:

$240,000

Work Setting:

Pediatric clinics, children's hospitals

Key Skills:
Child developmentFamily communicationPreventive care

Surgical Specialties

Procedure-focused specialties requiring advanced surgical skills and training.

General Surgery

Surgical treatment of abdominal and related conditions

Residency:

5 years

Avg. Salary:

$400,000

Work Setting:

Hospitals, surgical centers

Key Skills:
Surgical techniqueEmergency careCritical thinking
Orthopedic Surgery

Surgery of the musculoskeletal system

Residency:

5 years

Avg. Salary:

$550,000

Work Setting:

Hospitals, sports medicine centers

Key Skills:
Precision surgerySports medicineRehabilitation
Neurosurgery

Surgery of the nervous system and brain

Residency:

7 years

Avg. Salary:

$750,000

Work Setting:

Academic medical centers, hospitals

Key Skills:
MicrosurgeryCritical careAdvanced technology

Medical Specialties

Non-surgical specialties focused on diagnosis and medical treatment.

Cardiology

Diagnosis and treatment of heart conditions

Training:

3 years IM + 3 years fellowship

Avg. Salary:

$450,000

Work Setting:

Hospitals, cardiac centers

Key Skills:
Interventional proceduresImaging interpretationCritical care
Ophthalmology

Medical and surgical treatment of eye conditions

Training:

4 years

Avg. Salary:

$400,000

Work Setting:

Eye clinics, surgical centers

Key Skills:
MicrosurgeryDiagnostic imagingPatient care
Neurology

Diagnosis and treatment of nervous system disorders

Training:

4 years

Avg. Salary:

$350,000

Work Setting:

Hospitals, neurology clinics

Key Skills:
Neurological examinationDiagnostic testingComplex diagnosis

Choosing Your Specialty

Important factors to consider when selecting your medical specialty.

Work-Life Balance

Consider specialty demands, call schedules, and lifestyle preferences

  • Emergency call frequency
  • Typical work hours
  • Vacation time
  • Family time
Financial Considerations

Evaluate earning potential, debt repayment, and financial goals

  • Starting salary
  • Growth potential
  • Practice overhead
  • Loan repayment
Training Requirements

Understand residency length, fellowship needs, and board certification

  • Residency duration
  • Fellowship requirements
  • Board exams
  • Continuing education
Job Market

Research demand, geographic opportunities, and career stability

  • Employment demand
  • Geographic flexibility
  • Practice opportunities
  • Future outlook

Ready to Explore Your Medical Career?

Use our comprehensive resources to research specialties, plan your education, and make informed decisions about your medical career path.